Conflict of Interest & Disclosure Statement

The American Society of Human Genetics (hereinafter, ASHG) is committed to maintaining a high standard of professional integrity in fostering scientific, clinical, and educational work in the field of human genetics. It is essential that both its members and the general public recognize and have confidence in this commitment. Thus, even the appearance of a conflict of interest should be avoided. In order to maintain the confidence of the public and its members, the ASHG has adopted this conflict of interest and disclosure policy.

The ASHG depends upon voluntary service of its members to achieve its goals. It is recognized that ASHG members have personal, business, and professional interests, some of which may have the potential to create real or perceived conflicts with the best interests of the ASHG. The ASHG does not necessarily view the existence of these interests as an impediment to participation in ASHG activities, but it does require that in some circumstances they be disclosed.

Duty To Disclose

1. To whom applicable:
   
   It is the policy of the ASHG that the conduct of officers, directors, the editor of the American Journal of Human Genetics, committee members, the executive director, and all other persons acting as its representatives should be at all times in the best interests of the ASHG, its members and the general public. In performing their duties, ASHG representatives should not be influenced by desire for personal gain. Accordingly, the ASHG has adopted rules to guide disclosure of potential conflicts of interest and the society's response thereto that shall apply to those who agree to serve ASHG in any official capacity.
    

2. Distribution and implementation of the policy:
   
   This policy shall go into effect on January 1, 1994. A full copy thereof shall be distributed to all committee members of the ASHG within 60 days of the policy's effective date. It shall be routinely sent to all new committee members.
    

3. Definitions:
   
   For purposes of the foregoing, the following definitions are applicable.
   
   Conflict of Interest: A situation in which professional judgment or behavior concerning a primary interest (in this case the integrity of ASHG) has been improperly influenced by a different interest (such as for financial gain). The prompt disclosure of possible conflicts of interest or of those situations where such a perception could reasonably be anticipated to arise helps to avoid injury to an agreed upon primary interest.
   
   Immediate family member: spouse/partner or son or daughter.
   
   Material financial interest: ownership or beneficial ownership of more than $10,000 worth of equity or one percent of the stock in a commercial entity.
   
   ASHG official: any officer, member of the board of directors, the editor of the Journal, committee members, the executive director, and any member acting in any way as the society's designated representative.
    

4. Scope of disclosure:
   
   Any person covered by this policy shall disclose:

   1. if that individual or, to the best of his or her knowledge, an immediate family member has a material financial interest in any commercial entity which provides products or services that are likely to be affected by actions taken by the ASHG.

   2. if within the previous twelve months, that individual or an immediate family member has received consulting fees, licensing fees, honoraria, stock options, travel expenses, gifts, gratuities, entertainment, free products or services in excess of $5,000 from any commercial entity which provides products or services that are likely to be affected by actions taken by the ASHG.

   3. if, currently, or within the previous twelve months, that individual or an immediate family member has served as an officer or director, or has been employed by or done research sponsored by or on behalf of any commercial entity which provides products or services that are likely to be affected by actions taken by the ASHG.

   4. if that individual becomes aware of any development in his or her life or in the life of an immediate family member that may compromise the integrity of the ASHG.

Filing the Disclosure Statement

Each individual governed by this policy shall file a disclosure statement annually with the ASHG at its home office by a date to be determined by the executive director. A disclosure statement must also be promptly filed by any person has been appointment or elected to an ASHG position.

The disclosure statements shall cover the subjects identified in this policy (as may be amended from time to time) and shall be in the form as prescribed by the board of directors.

The disclosure statements filed by officers, members of the board of directors, the Journal editor, the committee members and candidates for any of the aforesaid shall be reviewed by the executive director and the president. The disclosure statements filed by the president and the executive director shall be reviewed by the treasurer.

All disclosure statements shall be retained in a secure file at the ASHG office for one year after which they shall be destroyed under the direction of the executive director.

Any information provided in the disclosure statement will be treated as confidential. It will not be reviewed by any person except as provided herein.

Interim Disclosures

Any individual governed by this policy who becomes aware of a possible conflict of interest during his or her tenure in an ASHG position shall promptly (within 30 days) disclose the relevant circumstances to the executive director and the president and recuse himself or herself until the matter has been reviewed.

Failure To Comply

Completion of a disclosure statement will be a requirement for nomination, election, appointment and, annually, for continuation in office. Failure to comply with this ASHG policy may be considered cause for removal as a candidate for or from office.

ASHG Response To The Disclosure Statement

An individual who has made a disclosure that upon review does not appear to constitute an issue of sufficient magnitude to warrant further action by ASHG will be so informed in writing by the executive director.

An individual who has made a disclosure that upon review does appear to constitute an issue of sufficient magnitude to warrant further action will be so informed in writing by the executive director. The executive director will promptly refer the matter to the board of directors. The individual will have the opportunity to fully present his or her view of the situation (by letter, teleconference, or other agreed upon means) to the board of directors. If that body determines (by a simple majority vote of a quorum of its members) that the disclosure poses a conflict of interest or could create a substantial perception of a conflict of interest, it shall ask the individual to withdraw voluntarily from the service that he or she currently performs (or, in the case of nominees, hopes to perform) on behalf of the ASHG. Such voluntary withdrawal shall complete the consideration of the potential conflict. In the case of a tie vote the individual shall be permitted to continue in service to the ASHG.

Should the individual decline to withdraw, the matter must be reconsidered by a quorum of the board of directors. The individual shall have the opportunity (by letter, teleconference, or other agreed upon means) to state the grounds upon which he or she believes that the board should reverse its decision. If the board decides not to alter its earlier determination, it shall have the right by a simple majority vote of a quorum to terminate the individual's service to the ASHG. In the case of a tie vote the individual shall be permitted to continue in service to the ASHG.

ASHG GUIDELINES FOR CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP

The ASHG welcomes the opportunity to co-sponsor educational programs, public awareness projects and special events with commercial entities interested in providing funding for such activities. By accepting financial support from corporate sponsors pursuant to these guidelines, the ASHG believes it will more effectively meet its obligations to its members and to the general public.

The ASHG's relationship with corporate sponsors is guided by the following principles:

1. The ASHG must retain scientific and educational control over the content of all commercially supported projects.

2. The ASHG must remain financially secure and independent of commercial funding.

3. All proposals from industry that involve the ASHG should be approved by the board of directors.

4. In considering corporate sponsors for ASHG activities, the ASHG should reach out to as many corporate partners as possible to ensure objectivity and prevent misunderstanding of the influence of industry on ASHG decisions.

PUBLIC ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN ASHG MEMBERS

ASHG officials are viewed as experts in human genetics and are often invited to speak to gatherings of the academic community or the general public. To avoid possible confusion or misunderstanding, ASHG officials who address such groups should clearly indicate whether they are speaking on behalf of the ASHG or as private individuals.

From time to time, ASHG is asked to provide a representative to an Advisory Board or Committee, including State Health Departments. In addition, certain federally funded programs include in their requests for applications the requirement of the involvement of a national genetics professional organization on their advisory group. As it is in the best interest of ASHG to be engaged and informed of these activities, the Society will be responsive when it is deemed appropriate.

Requests come first to the Administrative Office, and if deemed appropriate, the Executive Vice President will forward the information to the President. If agreed to, the EVP will draft the response to the requestor, contact the person(s) suggested as appointees, and follow up as necessary to fulfill the obligation agreed to.

Presidential Appointments to Advisory Boards and Committees

The American Society of Human Genetics values the opportunity to be involved in a variety of activities relevant to the business of the Society. Any member of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) appointed by the President to an Advisory Board or Committee for a project or term appointment represents the professional human genetics community through his/her own expertise and experience. The appointee does not speak directly for ASHG as an organization, unless the statement content has been reviewed by the Board of Directors. Formal opinions or positions of ASHG become written documents to be approved by the elected Board of Directors of the organization. All position statements are then published, either in the American Journal of Human Genetics or on the ASHG website, or both.

ASHG members fulfilling an obligation resulting from a Presidential appointment are expected to provide written reports and updates to the Board of Directors for review. The reports are submitted annually or semi-annually, as appropriate, to the Executive Vice President in the ASHG Administrative Office. The EVP is available throughout the tenure of the appointment for consultation, discussion, or as a liaison to the Executive Committee and the Board.